2016年12月12日,紅酒世界攜手亞洲首位葡萄酒大師李志延(Jeannie Cho Lee MW)為葡萄酒愛好者奉獻了一場精彩的葡萄酒品鑒直播。直播中,李志延大師現場品鑒了2012年博塞貝戈酒莊紅葡萄酒(2012 Chateau Beau-Sejour Becot, Saint-Emilion Grand Cru Classe, France)等4款名莊佳釀,寓知識于美酒之中,與大家一起分享關于葡萄酒的獨特見解。此外,李志延大師還回答了一些葡萄酒愛好者的問題。本文為大家呈現這場直播的視頻以及部分精選問題。
以下是此次直播部分精選問題:
1. 今年勃艮第(Burgundy)遭遇了嚴重的冰雹和霜凍,因此我們是否可以稱2016年對于勃艮第來說是糟糕的一年?
答:對于勃艮第來說,今年確實是艱難的一年,所以大家在選酒時需要更為謹慎。但是對于一些頂級葡萄酒商來說,他們依然可以釀造出上好的葡萄酒,比如前幾周我就在勃艮第品嘗到了不少好酒。總體來說,2016年勃艮第紅葡萄酒的表現會比白葡萄酒好。
李志延原文:It was a difficult vintage for Burgundy so you need to be careful, but the top producers which I just tasted a few weeks ago in Burgundy made very good wine. Reds are better than the whites in general.
2. 波爾多(Bordeaux)和勃艮第近些年有哪些不錯的年份,可以推薦一下嗎?
答:對于波爾多,我推薦2005、2009、2010以及2015;2001和2006這兩個年份也非常不錯,但被低估了。對于勃艮第,我推薦2002、2005、2009、2010和2015;2007、2008及2012則是三個被低估了的好年份。
李志延原文:For Bordeaux I recommend 2005, 2009, 2010 and 2015. Vintages that are very good but under-rated are 2001 and 2006. For Burgundy I recommend 2002, 2005, 2009, 2010 and 2015. Under-rated Burgundy vintages are 2007, 2008 and 2012.
3. 波爾多左岸與右岸的葡萄酒風格有何區別?
答:左岸的紅葡萄酒因混釀中梅洛(Merlot)的比例較低,所以一般單寧更緊實,口感沒那么清新,果味沒有右岸豐富,而右岸的紅葡萄酒口感更甜美,帶有更多李子的風味,更容易在年輕時飲用。
李志延原文:Left bank reds have firmer tannins and are less fleshier, have less generous fruit because there is less Merlot used in the blend while Right bank wines are sweeter, more plummy and easier to enjoy young.
4. 圣埃美隆(Saint-Emilion)和波美侯(Pomerol)有什么區別?
答:這個問題我在直播過程中回答過,但是從本質上說,這是因為他們種植的葡萄品種不同、土壤類型有所差異,從而導致各產區葡萄酒風格不同;圣埃美隆主要為石灰石土壤,種植著品麗珠(Cabernet Franc)和梅洛(Merlot),波美侯則主要為黏土,種植著梅洛。
李志延原文:I answered this during the livestream, but essentially, it is the grape varieties planted as well as the soil that brings out different characteristics in their respective regions: St Emilion for Cabernet Franc and Merlot on limestone and Pomerol for Merlot on clay.
5. 圣埃美隆Grand Cru和Grand Cru Classe有什么區別?
答:正如我在直播中所說,圣埃美隆法定產區(Saint-Emilion Grand Cru)以地理位置為劃分依據,它包含數百個生產商。而圣埃美隆列級酒莊(Saint-Emilion Grand Cru Classe)酒莊的考核標準更為嚴格,品質要求更高。圣埃美隆每10年都會對這些酒莊進行重新評定,確保它們達到品質要求。符合這一條件的酒莊不到100家。
李志延原文:As I mentioned in the livestream, St Emilion Grand Cru has several hundred producers and is based on geography whereas Grand Cru Classe has stricter, higher quality standards including a tasting component of the last 10 vintages for the chateaux which has to meet quality levels. Grand Cru Class wines make up less than 100 chateaux.
6. 酒評家經常會用“平衡”來贊美一款酒,可以說說何為“平衡”嗎?
答:紅葡萄酒的“平衡”指葡萄酒中風味的濃郁度以及品質與酒的結構(包括單寧、酒體、酒精含量、酸度)相互作用的結果。這些要素之間相互平衡,不會有某種要素過于突出,而是相互“烘托”。
李志延原文:Balance in red wine is how the intensity and quality of flavors interact with the structure of the wine which includes tannins, body, alcohol and acidity. All elements must be in balance, not over-powering the others but rather heightening and complementing each other.
7. 顆粒感的質地指的是?
答:顆粒感指的是葡萄酒單寧緊致,譬如一款品質一般的年輕馬爾貝克(Malbec)葡萄酒,它的單寧會緊緊抓住舌頭,而不是讓人覺得順滑或者柔順。
李志延原文:Grainy means the tannins are grippy like a young, moderate quality Malbec where the tannins grip your tongue rather than glide over it smoothly.
8. 如何感知單寧?如何定義一款酒的單寧是“柔順”的?
答:單寧是通過舌頭來感知的。粗糙干澀的單寧嘗起來像是在水中浸泡了很長時間的紅茶葉;而柔順的單寧則像是放置了20-30年的陳年普洱茶,你能感覺到單寧就在那里,但它在口腔中表現得平順光滑。
李志延原文:Tannins are felt on the tongue; harsh, dry tannins taste like black tea leaves when the tea has been steeped in water too long. Soft tannins are like aged (20-30 yr old) pu'er tea where the tannins are there and you taste them but they feel smooth on your palate.
9. 如果一款酒具有皮革氣息,能否說明這款酒是老酒?
答:不一定,但是通常老酒里面會出現皮革氣息。不過年輕的西拉(Syrah)葡萄酒也可能帶有類似皮革的氣息(年輕的深色皮革氣息)。
李志延原文:Not always but often older wines smell of leather. But young Syrah can also smell like leather (young, tanned leather).
10. 如何定義一款好的葡萄酒?
答:一款好的葡萄酒應該具有平衡的架構、上佳的濃郁度、富有層次的復雜風味以及悠長的余味。
李志延原文:A wine that has balance, good intensity, layers of complex flavors and a long length.
11. 您能否介紹一下在您成為葡萄酒大師的過程中,什么因素最為重要?天賦還是一些其他因素?
答:天賦并不是成為葡萄酒大師的必要條件。你需要具備基本的品嘗、嗅覺能力以及對食物和風味的鑒賞能力。最重要的一點是熱情,它會不斷引導你去品鑒與學習,發掘葡萄酒的世界。這對于一些人來說是一項工作,但你若喜愛葡萄酒,這就是一種享受。
李志延原文:In born talent is not necessary to be a Master of Wine. One needs basic tasting and smelling ability and an appreciation for food and flavors. The most important part is the passion which leads you to constantly taste, study and discover the world of wine. This can be considered 'work' for some, but if you love it, it is pleasure.
12. 對于剛接觸葡萄酒的人,您有什么建議?
答:我建議可以先嘗試勃艮第大區級或村莊級的紅、白葡萄酒,如伯恩村(Beaune)的紅葡萄酒和馬貢村(Macon)的白葡萄酒。伯恩村的紅葡萄酒通常單寧柔順、輕盈,十分易飲;馬貢村的白葡萄酒則果味濃郁,酒體中等,并且帶有蘋果和梨的氣息。這兩種葡萄酒都非常易飲。
李志延原文:I recommend starting with Burgundy regional or village level white or red - for example, a Beaune village red or a Macon white. The tannins in Beaune red are soft and light, easy to enjoy and for Macon white, the style is fruity, medium bodied with apple and pear notes. Both are easy to enjoy styles.
關于李志延大師的直播視頻,我們將會在近期配上中文字幕,敬請留意!(文/Shirley、Olivia、Joyce)